Introduction
A dilated pupil (mydriasis) occurs when the black center of the eye expands abnormally due to various reasons. Pupils typically dilate in low light and constrict in bright light. However, persistent or unequal dilation may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical evaluation. At Shreya Eye Centre, Dr. Rakesh Gupta provides expert diagnosis and treatment for abnormal pupil dilation.
Common Causes of Dilated Pupils
Several factors can cause dilated pupils, including:
- Physiological Mydriasis: Natural dilation in response to low light or emotional excitement.
- Medications: Eye drops, antihistamines, antidepressants, and some neurological drugs can cause pupil dilation.
- Head or Eye Injury: Trauma to the brain or eye can affect nerve function, leading to pupil dilation.
- Neurological Conditions: Issues like third cranial nerve palsy or stroke can cause abnormal pupil dilation.
- Adie’s Pupil (Tonic Pupil Syndrome): A neurological disorder where one pupil remains dilated and reacts slowly to light.
- Increased Intracranial Pressure: Conditions such as brain tumors or bleeding can lead to pupil abnormalities.
- Recreational Drugs: Substances like cocaine, LSD, and ecstasy can cause enlarged pupils.
- Optic Nerve Damage: Diseases affecting the optic nerve, such as glaucoma, may alter pupil reactions.
Symptoms Associated with Dilated Pupils
Depending on the cause, you may experience:
- 1. Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- 2. Blurred or impaired vision
- 3. Headache or dizziness
- 4. Unequal pupil sizes (anisocoria)
- 5. Difficulty focusing on nearby objects
Diagnosis and Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- Medication Adjustment: If certain drugs are causing dilation, a doctor may modify the prescription.
- Protective Eyewear: Sunglasses help reduce discomfort in bright light.
- Neurological Evaluation: If a brain-related issue is suspected, further testing like MRI or CT scans may be required.
- Treatment for Trauma: Eye injuries or brain injuries require immediate medical attention.
- Managing Underlying Conditions: If linked to neurological disorders, proper medical management is necessary.
If you notice abnormal pupil dilation, Dr. Rakesh Gupta at Shreya Eye Centre can perform a comprehensive evaluation to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment. Contact us today for expert eye care and diagnosis.